Anil Kishen is Associate Professor (Tenured) and Head of the Discipline of Endodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Kishen was awarded his Bachelor of Dental Surgery by the University of Madras, India, in 1992, and his Master of Dental Surgery in Endodontics and Operative Dentistry by Tamilnadu Medical University, Madras, in 1996. After gaining a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, he became an Assistant Professor in the Department of Restorative Dentistry at the National University of Singapore before moving to the University of Toronto in 2009. Dr. Kishen is a member of the Research and Scientific Affairs Committee of the American Association of Endodontists. He is a member of the editorial boards of various journals and an Associate Editor of the Journal of Endodontics, BMC Microbiology and Endodontic Topics and a Section Editor of the Singapore Dental Journal. He has been principal investigatoron a number of research projects and holds several patents. Dr. Kishen is the author of more than 70 publications in international journals, the co-author of the Springer book Root Canal Biofilms and co-editor of Fundamentals and Applications of Biophotonics in Dentistry (The Imperial College Press).